Norihiro Tokitoh is a professor of chemistry at the Institute for Chemical Research (ICR), Kyoto University. He received his Ph. D. (1985) from the University of Tokyo. After spending some years as Research Associate (1986) and then Assistant Professor (1987) of Tsukuba Univ., and Assistant Professor (1989) and then Associate Professor (1994) of The University of Tokyo, he was appointed as Professor of the Institute for Fundamental Organic Chemistry, Kyushu Univ. in 1998 and moved to ICR, Kyoto University in 2000. He served as Guest Professor at Institute for Molecular Science (2001-2003), Technische Universität Braunschweig (2004-2007), and Universität Bonn (2013-), and Director of ICR (2008-2012).

His main research interest is focused on novel bonding and structures in heavier main group element chemistry. He received Incentive Award in Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan (1992), Progress Award in Silicon Chemistry, Japan (1996), Japan IBM Science Award (1998), Chemical Society of Japan Award for Creative Work (2003), Alexander von Humboldt Research Award (2003), Lectureship Award of National Science Council, Republic of China (2007), Kim Yong Hae Lectureship Award of KAIST, Korea (2010), BCSJ Awards (2002, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, and 2013), Best Reviewer Commendation (JSPS; 2010), and Re-invitation by AvH Research Award (2013). He contributed to several chemistry journals, such as Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry (Associate Editor for Asia, 1998-2006), Organometallics (Advisory Board Member, 2006-2009), Journal of Sulfur Chemistry (Editorial Board Member, 2001-), Main Group Metal Chemistry (Editorial Board Member, 2011-) and Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (Editor-in-chief, 2013-).

1) Synthesis and Characterization of a Stable Dibismuthene: Evidence for a Bi-Bi Double Bond, Tokitoh, N.; Arai, Y.; Okazaki, R.; Nagase, S. Science, 1997, 277, 78-80.

2) A Stable Neutral Silaaromatic Compound, 2-{2,4,6-Tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl}-2-silanaphthalene, Tokitoh, N.; Wakita, K.; Okazaki, R.; Nagase, S.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Jiao, H. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 6951-6952.

3) New Progress in the Chemistry of Stable Metallaaromatic Compounds of Heavier Group 14 Elements, Tokitoh, N. Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 86-94.

4) Synthesis and Reactions of a Stable 1,2-Diaryl-1,2-dibromodisilene: A Precursor for Substituted Disilenes and a 1,2-Diaryldisilyne, Sasamori, T.; Hironaka, K. ; Sugiyama, Y.; Takagi, N.; Nagase, S.; Hosoi, Y. ; Furukawa, Y.; Tokitoh, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 13856-13857.

5) Stable Heavier Carbene Analogues, Mizuhata, Y.; Sasamori, T.; Tokitoh, N. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 3479-351.

・Noda, et al., “Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure”, Nature, vol. 407, No. 6804, pp.608-610 (OCT 5 2000)

・Noda, et al., “Full three-dimensional photonic bandgap crystals at near-infrared wavelengths”, Science, vol.289 No. 5479, pp. 604-606 (JUL 28 2000)

・Imada, Noda, et al., “Coherent two-dimensional lasing action in surface-emitting laser with triangular-lattice photonic crystal structure”, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.75, No.3, pp. 316-318 (JUL 19 1999).

・Akahane, Noda, et al., “High-Q photonic nanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal”, Nature, vol. 425, No. 6961, pp. 944-947 (OCT 30 2003).

and over 390
Total citation: over 12,000

Toru Ishida Ed. Field Informatics. Kyoto University Field Informatics Research Group. Springer, 2012.

Toru Ishida Ed. The Language Grid: Service-Oriented Collective Intelligence for Language Resource Interoperability. Springer, 2011.

Toshiyuki TANAKA, “A statistical-mechanics approach to large-system analysis of CDMA multiuser detectors,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, volume 48, number 11, pages 2888-2910, 2002.

Giuseppe CAIRE, Ralf MULLER, and Toshiyuki TANAKA, “Iterative multiuser joint decoding: optimal power allocation and low-complexity implementation,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, volume 50, number 9, pages 1950-1973, 2004.

Toshiyuki TANAKA and Masato OKADA, “Approximate belief propagation, density evolution, and statistical neurodynamics for CDMA multiuser detection,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, volume 51, number 2, pages 700-706, 2005.

Shiro IKEDA, Toshiyuki TANAKA, and Shun-ichi AMARI, “Stochastic reasoning, free energy and information geometry,” Neural Computation, volume 16, number 9, pages 1779-1810, 2004.

Yoshiyuki Kabashima, Tadashi Wadayama, and Toshiyuki Tanaka, “Typical reconstruction limit of compressed sensing based on Lp-norm minimization,” Journal of Statistical Mechanics, L09003 (12p), 2009.

Toshiyuki TANAKA, “Mean field theory of Boltzmann machine learning,” Physical Review E, volume 58, number 2, pages 2302-2310, 1998.

Toshiyuki TANAKA, “Information geometry of mean field approximation,” Neural Computation, volume 12, number 8, pages 1951-1968, 2000.

●Papers

[1] Relative Zariski decomposition on higher-dimensional algebraic varieties. Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A Math. Sci. 62 (1986), no. 3, 108-111.

[2] Semiampleness of the numerically effective part of Zariski decomposition. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 26 (1986), no. 3, 465-481.

[3] Torsion freeness of higher direct images of canonical bundles. Math. Ann. 276 (1987), no. 3, 385-398.

[4] Semi-ampleness of the numerically effective part of Zariski decomposition. II. Algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, Vol. I, 289-311, Kinokuniya, Tokyo, 1988.

[5] A note on Bogomolov-Gieseker’s inequality in positive characteristic. Duke Math. J. 64 (1991), no. 2, 361-375.

[6] A criterion of openness of a family of nef line bundles. Manuscripta Math. 75 (1992), no. 3, 327-331.

[7] Semi-stably polarized fiber spaces and Bogomolov-Gieseker’s inequality. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 32 (1992), no. 4, 843-872.

[8] Frobenius pull-back of vector bundles of rank 2 over nonuniruled varieties. Math. Ann. 296 (1993), no. 3, 441-451.

[9] Height inequality of nonisotrivial curves over function fields. J. Algebraic Geom. 3 (1994), no. 2, 249-263.

[10] Inequality of Bogomolov-Gieseker type on arithmetic surfaces. Duke Math. J. 74 (1994), no. 3, 713-761.

[11] Bogomolov unstability on arithmetic surfaces. Math. Res. Lett. 1 (1994), no. 5, 601-611.

[12] Geometric height inequality on varieties with ample cotangent bundles. J. Algebraic Geom. 4 (1995), no. 2, 385-396.

[13] Remarks on rational points of varieties whose cotangent bundles are generated by global sections. Math. Res. Lett. 2 (1995), no. 1, 113-118.

[14] Arithmetic Bogomolov-Gieseker’s inequality. Amer. J. Math. 117 (1995), no. 5, 1325-1347.

[15] Faltings modular height and self-intersection of dualizing sheaf. Math. Z. 220 (1995), no. 2, 273-278.

[16] Lower bound of self-intersection of dualizing sheaves on arithmetic surfaces with reducible fibres. Math. Ann. 305 (1996), no. 1, 183-190.

[17] Hodge index theorem for arithmetic cycles of codimension one. Math. Res. Lett. 3 (1996), no. 2, 173-183.

[18] A sharp slope inequality for general stable fibrations of curves. J. Reine Angew. Math. 480 (1996), 177-195.

[19] Bogomolov conjecture for curves of genus 2 over function fields. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 36 (1996), no. 4, 687-695.

[20] Bogomolov conjecture over function fields for stable curves with only irreducible fibers. Compositio Math. 105 (1997), no. 2, 125-140.

[21] Relative Bogomolov’s inequality and the cone of positive divisors on the moduli space of stable curves. J. Amer. Math. Soc. 11 (1998), no. 3, 569-600.

[22] The continuity of Deligne’s pairing. Internat. Math. Res. Notices 1999, no. 19, 1057-1066.

[23] Arithmetic height functions over finitely generated fields. Invent. Math. 140 (2000), no. 1, 101-142.

[24] The canonical arithmetic height of subvarieties of an abelian variety over a finitely generated field. J. Reine Angew. Math. 530 (2001), 33-54.

[25] A generalization of conjectures of Bogomolov and Lang over finitely generated fields. Duke Math. J. 107 (2001), no. 1, 85-102.

[26] The Q-Picard group of the moduli space of curves in positive characteristic. Internat. J. Math. 12 (2001), no. 5, 519-534.

[27] (Joint work with S. Kawaguchi) Inequalities for semistable families of arithmetic varieties. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 41 (2001), no. 1, 97-182.

[28] Nef divisors in codimension one on the moduli space of stable curves. Compositio Math. 132 (2002), no. 2, 191-228.

[29] (Joint work with S. Kawaguchi and K. Yamaki) Introduction to Arakelov geometry. Algebraic geometry in East Asia (Kyoto, 2001), 1-74, World Sci. Publ., River Edge, NJ, 2002.

[30] Diophantine geometry viewed from Arakelov geometry. Sugaku Expositions. Sugaku Expositions 17 (2004), no. 2, 219-234.

[31] The number of algebraic cycles with bounded degree. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 44 (2004), no. 4, 819-890.

[32] On the finiteness of abelian varieties with bounded modular height, ASPM 45, 2006, Moduli Spaces and Arithmetic Geometry (Kyoto 2004), 157-187.

[33] (Joint work with I. Iwanari) Dominant rational maps in the category of log schemes. Tohoku Math. J. 59 (2007), 481-525.

[34] Rigidity of log morphisms. Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 44 (2008), 371-401.

[35] Subsheaves of a hermitian torsion free coherent sheaf on an arithmetic variety. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 48 (2008), 7-26.

[36] Continuity of volumes on arithmetic varieties. J. of Algebraic geometry 18 (2009), 407-457.

[37] Continuous Extension of Arithmetic Volumes. International Mathematics Research Notices (2009), 3598-3638.

[38] Estimation of arithmetic linear series. Kyoto J. of Math., 50 (Memorial issue for the late Professor Nagata) (2010), 685-725.

[39] Free basis consisting of strictly small sections. International Mathematics Research Notices, Advance Access published on June 9, 2010; doi: doi:10.1093/imrn/rnq116.

[40] Big arithmetic divisors on the projective spaces over Z. Kyoto J. of Math., 51 (2011), 503-534.

[41] Arithmetic linear series with base conditions, Math. Z., 272 (2012), 1383-1401. (DOI) 10.1007/s00209-012-0991-2.

[42] Zariski decompositions on arithmetic surfaces, Publ. RIMS Kyoto Univ., 48 (2012), 799-898. (DOI) 10.2977/PRIMS/89.

[43] Toward Dirichlet’s unit theorem on arithmetic varieties, Kyoto J. of Math., 53 (2013), 197-259. (DOI) 10.1215/21562261-1966116.

[44] Numerical characterization of nef arithmetic divisors on arithmetic surfaces, to appear in Annales de la faculté des sciences de Toulouse, see also preprint (arXiv:1201.6124 [math.AG]).

[45] (Joint work with José Ignacio Burgos Gil, Patrice Philippon and Martín Sombra) Arithmetic geometry of toric varieties. Positivity properties, to appear in Journal of Algebraic Geometry.

●Preprints

[1] Adelic divisors on arithmetic varieties, (arXiv:1302.1922 [math.AG]).

[2] (Joint work with Huayi Chen) Algebraic dynamical systems and Dirichlet’s unit theorem on arithmetic varieties, (arXiv:1312.3528 [math.AG]).

[3] Toward a geometric analogue of Dirichlet’s unit theorem, (arXiv:1311.6307 [math.AG]).

●Books

[1] Arakelov geometry. Iwanami Shoten (in Japanese).

Education:

Research and professional experience:

1. Gotoh, Y., Nishida, E. et al. (1991) In vitro effects on microtubule dynamics of purified Xenopus M phase-activated MAP kinase. Nature 349, 251-254.

2. Nishida, E. and Gotoh, Y. (1993) The MAP kinase cascade is essential for diverse signal transduction pathways. Trends Biochem. Sci. 18, 128-131.

3. Fukuda, M., Asano, S., Nakamura, T., Adachi, M., Yoshida, M., Yanagida, M. and Nishida, E. (1997) CRM1 is responsible for intracellular transport mediated by the nuclear export signal. Nature 390, 308-311.

4. Toyoshima-Morimoto, F., Taniguchi, E., Shinya, N., Iwamatsu, A. and Nishida, E. (2001) Polo-like kinase 1 phosphorylates cyclin B1 and targets it to the nucleus during prophase. Nature 410, 215-220.

5. Honjoh S., Yamamoto T., Uno M., and Nishida E. (2009) Signalling through RHEB-1 mediates intermittent fasting-induced longevity in C. elegans. Nature 457, 726-730.

Sasaoka N, Sakamoto M, Kanemori S, Kan M, Tsukano C, Takemoto Y, &Kakizuka A. Long-term oral administration of hop flower extracts mitigatesAlzheimer phenotypes in mice. PLoS One. 9:e87185, 2014.

Koike M, Fukushi J, Ichinohe Y, Higashimae N, Fujishiro M, Sasaki C, Yamaguchi M, Uchihara T, Yagishita S, Ohizumi H, Hori S, & Kakizuka A. Valosin-containing protein (VCP) in novel feedback machinery between abnormal protein accumulation and transcriptional suppression. J Biol Chem. 285:21736-21749, 2010.

Kakizuka A. Roles of VCP in human neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem Soc Trans 36:105-108, 2008.

Kamei Y, Ohizumi H, Fujitani Y, Nemoto T, Tanaka T, Takahashi N, Kawada T, Miyoshi M, Ezaki O, & Kakizuka A. PGC-1β/ERRL1 is an ERR protein ligand, whose expression induces a high-energy expenditure and antagonizes obesity in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 12378-12383, 2003.

Higashiyama H, Hirose F, Yamaguchi M, Inoue Y, Fujikake N, Matsukage A, & Kakizuka A. Identification of ter94, Drosophila VCP, as a modulator of polyglutamine-induced neurodegenerations in Drosophila. Cell Death Differ. 9: 264-273, 2002.

Hirabayashi M, Inoue K, Tanaka K, Nakadate K, Ohsawa Y, Kamei Y, Popiel AH, Sinohara A, Iwamatsu A, Kimura Y, Uchiyama Y, Hori S, & Kakizuka A. VCP/p97 in abnormal protein aggregates, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and cell death, phenotypes relevant to neurodegeneration. Cell Death Differ 8: 977-984, 2001.

Kakizuka A. Protein Precipitation: A common etiology in neurodegenerative disorders? Trend Genet 14: 396-402, 1998.

Ikeda H, Yamaguchi M, Sugai S, Aze Y, Narumiya S, & Kakizuka A. Expanded poly-glutamine in the Machado-Joseph disease protein induces cell death in vitro and in vivo. Nat Genet 13: 196-202, 1996.

Kawaguchi Y, Okamoto T, Taniwaki M, Aizawa M, Inoue M, Katayama S, Kawakami H, Nakamura S, Nishimura M, Akiguchi I, Kimura J, Narumiya S, & Kakizuka A. CAG expansions in a novel gene for Machado-Joseph disease at chromosome 14q32.1 Nat Genet 8: 221-228, 1994.

Kakizuka A, Miller WHJr, Umesono K, Warrell RPJ., Frankel SR, Murty VVVS, Dmitrovsk, E, & Evans RM. Chromosomal translocation t(15;17) in human acute promyelocytic leukemia fuses RARα with a novel putative transcription factor, PML. Cell 66: 663-674, 1991

Education:

Research and professional experience:

2014
Mizuno R, Kamioka Y, Kabashima K, Imajo M, Sumiyama K, Nakasho E, Ito T, Hamazaki Y, Okuchi Y, Sakai Y, Kiyokawa E, Matsuda M.
In vivo imaging reveals PKA regulation of ERK activity during neutrophil recruitment to inflamed intestines.
J Exp Med. 2014 May 19. doi: 10.1084/jem.20132112

Kumagai Y, Naoki H, Nakasyo E, Kamioka Y, Kiyokawa E, Matsuda M.
Heterogeneity in ERK activity as visualized by in vivo FRET imaging of mammary tumor cells developed in MMTV-Neu mice.
Oncogene 2014 Mar 17. doi: 10.1038/onc.2014.28.

Yukinaga H, Shionyu C, Hirata E, Ui-Tei K, Nagashima T, Kondo S, Okada-Hatakeyama M, Naoki H, Matsuda M.
Slow fluctuation of Rac1 activity is associated with biological and transcriptional heterogeneity of glioma cells.
J Cell Sci. J Cell Sci. 2014 Feb 12. PMID: 24522191

2013
Aoki K, Kumagai Y, Sakurai A, Komatsu N, Fujita Y, Shionyu C, Matsuda M.
Stochastic ERK Activation Induced by Noise and Cell-to-Cell Propagation Regulates Cell Density-Dependent Proliferation.
Mol Cell. 2013 Nov 21;52(4):529-40.

Goto A, Sumiyama K, Kamioka Y, Nakasyo E, Ito K, Iwasaki M, Enomoto H, Matsuda M.
GDNF and Endothelin 3 Regulate Migration of Enteric Neural Crest-Derived Cells via Protein Kinase A and Rac1.
J Neurosci.2013;33(11):4901-4912.

2012
Hirata E, Yukinaga H, Kamioka Y, Arakawa Y, Miyamoto S, Okada T, Sahai E, Matsuda M.
In vivo fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging reveals differential activation of Rho-family GTPases in glioblastoma cell invasion. J Cell Sci. 2012 Mar. 7; 125:858-868.

Kamioka Y, Sumiyama K, Mizuno R, Sakai Y, Hirata E, Kiyokawa E, Matsuda M.
Live Imaging of Protein Kinase Activities in Transgenic Mice Expressing FRET Biosensors.
Cell Struct Funct. 2012 Jan 24; 37(1):65-73.

2011
Komatsu N, Aoki K, Yamada M, Yukinaga H, Fujita Y, Kamioka Y, Matsuda M.
Development of an optimized backbone of FRET biosensors for kinases and GTPases.
Mol Biol Cell. 2011;22:4647-56.

Aoki K, Yamada M, Kunida K, Yasuda S, Matsuda M.
Processive phosphorylation of ERK MAP kinase in mammalian cells.
Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011;108:12675-80.

1) Suzuki, Shoko(2014): Ernährungspädagogik in Japan. In: Althans, B./ Schmidt, F./ Wulf, Chr.: Nahrung als Bildung. Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf einen anthropologischen Zusammenhang, Beltz Juventa; Weinheim/Basel 2014, S.128-138.

2) Suzuki(2014): Takt, in: Chr.Wulf / J. Zirfas (Hrsg.): Handbuch Pädagogische Anthropologie, Wiesbaden S. 295-304.

3) Suzuki, S. / Wulf, Ch. (2013): Auf dem Weg des Lebens – West- östliche Meditation. Logos Verlag; Berlin.

4) Suzuki, S. (2013): Wisdom on the Pursuit of Happiness in Daily Life: Christmas Celebration in the German Family, Klien, S./ Wulf, Chr.(Hrsg.) Paragrana- Internationale Zeitschrift für Historische Anthropologie, Band 22, Heft1: Well-Being – Emotions, Rituals, and Performances in Japan, P.235-248.

5) Suzuki, Shoko (2012): ‚The Kyoto School and J.F.Herbart‘. In: P. Standish, /N. Saito, (ed.): Education and the Kyoto School of Philosophy. Pedagogy for Human Transformation, Heidelberg/New York/London, P.41-53.

6) Suzuki, S./ Wulf, Chr. u. anderen (2011):Glück der der Familie. Wiesbaden; VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften; Wiesbaden.

7) Suzuki, S. (2010):　Sein und Werden – Poiesis in Gesten, in: Wulf Chr./ Fischer-Lichte, E. (Hrsg.): Geste, Wilhelm Fink, S. 116-122.

8) Suzuki, S. (2010): Takt in Modern Education. Münster/New York; Waxmann

9) Suzuki, S. (2008): Die Zukunft verhandeln. Aus der Sicht der Wissenschafts-kommunikation in der Risikoforschung und Bioethik Japans, in: Paragrana-Internationale Zeitschrift für Historische Anthropologie. Bd.17: Das Menschliche Leben, S.187-194.

10) Suzuki, S . (2008): Takt als Medium, in: Paragrana- Internationale Zeitschrift für Historische Anthropologie, Bd.16, S. 145-167.

11) Suzuki, S./ Wulf, Chr. (ed.) (2007): Mimesis/ Poiesis/ Performativity. Münster/New York; Waxmann.

12) Suzuki, S., (2007): Über die ‘Musse’ aus japanischer Sicht, in: Paragrana- Internationale Zeitschrift für Historische Anthropologie(Akademie Verlag),Band 15, S.114-124,

13) Suzuki, S.(2007): Brush Calligraphy. Mimesis and Poiesis in Rinsho. Imai,Y. /Wulf, Chr.(eds.), “Concepts of Aesthetic Education. Japanese and European Perspektives”, Waxmann, pp.149-161.

Philosophie und Religion beim jungen Hegel． Unter besonderer Berucksichtigung seiner Auseinandersetzung mit Schelling.　Hegel-Studien, Beiheft 26. 1985
『西田幾多郎』2007 岩波書店 “Nishida Kitaro” 2007 Iwanami publishing company

Transformation of the soul: Historical construction of fundamental mental concepts.

『情報の倫理学』丸善、2003
Mizutani M., Ethics of Privacy. In: Ruth
Chadwick(ed.) Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics, Second Edition, volume 3., Academic Press; 2012. pp. 609-615.

(1) J.X. Yu, Y. Li, H. Murata and S. Yoshida,
“Hybrid-ARQ Scheme Using Different TCM for Retransmission”,
IEEE Trans. Communications, vol.48, no.10, pp. 1609-1613, Oct. 2000.

(2) K. Yamamoto and S. Yoshida,
“Tradeoff between area spectral efficiency and end-to-end throughput in rate-adaptive multihop radio networks”,
IEICE Trans. Communications, vol.E88-B, no.9, pp.3532-3540, Sept. 2005.

(3) S. Kucera, S. Aissa and S. Yoshida,
“Adaptive channel allocation for enabling target SINR achievability in power-controlled wireless networks”,
IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications, vol.9, no. 2, pp.833-843, Feb. 2010

(4) H. Murata, S. Yoshida, K. Yamamoto, D. Umehara, S. Denno, M. Morikura,
“Software radio-based distributed multi-user MIMO testbed: Towards green wireless communications”,
IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, vol.E96-A, no.1, pp.247-254, Jan. 2013.

Utility and Intuition (in Japanese, 2011), which won the Watsuji prize by the Japanese Society for Ethics, and An Introduction to Utilitarianism (in Japanese, 2012).

Akira Akabayashi, Satoshi Kodama, B.T. Slingsby, Biomedical Ethics in Asia: A Casebook for Multicultural Learners, McGraw-Hill Education (Asia), 139 pages, 2010.06.

Satoshi Kodama, `Tsunami-tendenko and morality in disasters’, Journal of Medical Ethics, (Online First, March 2013)

Utility and Intuition (in Japanese, 2011), which won the Watsuji prize by the Japanese Society for Ethics, and An Introduction to Utilitarianism (in Japanese, 2012).

Akira Akabayashi, Satoshi Kodama, B.T. Slingsby, Biomedical Ethics in Asia: A Casebook for Multicultural Learners, McGraw-Hill Education (Asia), 139 pages, 2010.06.

Satoshi Kodama, `Tsunami-tendenko and morality in disasters’, Journal of Medical Ethics, (Online First, March 2013)